Effect of Vitis vinifera L Seed Extract on Hepatic Marker Enzymes and Oxidative Stress against Acetaminophen Induced Hepatotoxicity in Rats

To investigate the hepatoprotective potential of ethanolinc grape seed extract on acetaminophen (APAP) induced liver toxicity in wistar rats. Silymarin was used as reference hepatoprotective agent. Liver injury was induced by APAP (2 gm/kg body weight, bw) on the 1st day of experiment. Vitis vinifera (V. vinifera)L seed extract (200 and 400 mg/kg bw) and silymarin (100 mg/ kg bw) was administered orally daily for next 6 days. The animals were sacrificed on 7th day and the hepatoprotective activity was assessed by using various biochemical parameters. In APAP treated rats, the aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), alkaline phosphatase (ALP) and total bilirubin levels were significantly increased, while lipid profile levels were altered. Treatment with APAP significantly elevated hepatic malondialdehyde (MDA) but reduced hepatic superoxide dismutase (SOD), Catalase, Glutathione peroxidase (GPx) levels. The Vitis vinifera L seed extract and silymarin administration prevented the toxic effect of APAP on the AST, ALT, ALP, total bilirubin and lipid profile and elevated hepatic MDA and decreased hepatic SOD, Catalase, GPx levels. The present study concludes that Vitis vinifera L seed extract exhibits significant hepatoprotective activity, which may be due to presence of bioactive compounds such as flavonoids, polyphenols, anthocyanins, proanthocyanidins, procyanidins and resveratrol.